3 essential components of art: subject, form, content (no one can exist without others)
Form - the total arrangement of the composition and to the very act of organizing and composing it.
7 principles of organization --> success = visual unity
organizing process = composition = design
harmony - a pleasing relationship between different sections of a composition (elements have characteristics in common, cohesion)
repetition - can lead eye (rhythm - continuance/flow/sense of movement resulting from repeated beats. can have accents and intervals)
pattern - arrangement of elements (motif - pattern repeated numerous times. all-over pattern is a motif repeated/ "big picture")
closure
shared edges
overlapping
transparency
interpenetration
extensions (line, implied or subjective)
variety (counterweight to harmony) - imparts individuality
contrast - dissimilarity, more dominant/emphasized
elaboration
balance
gravity
moments of force (points of interest)
symmetry (formal balance)
approximate symmetry
radial balance
asymmetry (informal/occult balance)
proportion - ratio of individual parts to one another or to the whole
scale - size
- "golden mean/golden section" - (greek) ideal standard for proportion and balance in life and art
- (euclid - golden mean = "moderation of all things")
- ratio = .618
hierarchical (larger = more important)
dominance
contrast
isolation
placement
direction
scale or proportion
character
movement
economy - composing with efficiency
- sometimes associated with abstraction
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space
three dimensional/plastic - condensed into the picture plane
decorative space - 2 dimensional interpretation,
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORM AND THE PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION
more views = more complex
tectonic - closed, massive, and simple
atectionic - open, to a large degree
methods pretty much same as 2d
low relief - shallow surface depth, more similar to 2d
high relief - same problems as sculpture in the round
kinetic sculpture - work itself moves
Alexander Calder - father of mobile sculptures, used motors.
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